5,609 research outputs found
Moving beyond the âlanguage problem': developing an understanding of the intersections of health, language and immigration status in interpreter-mediated health encounters
Health systems internationally are dealing with greater diversity in patient populations. However the focus on âthe language problemâ has meant little attention is paid to diversity within and between migrant populations; and how interpreted consultations are influenced by intersecting migratory, ethnicity and sociodemographic variables. Our analysis of the experiences of patients, health care providers and interpreters in Scotland evidences the need to move beyond language, addressing multiple hidden inequalities in health care access and provision that operate in both clinic and, especially, home-based settings. We call for a practice-evidenced research agenda promoting cultural communication across health care and home settings, acknowledging immigration status as a social determinant of health.
Sur le plan international, des systĂšmes de santĂ© font face Ă une diversitĂ© croissante dans ses populations de patients. Cependant, lâaccent sur âle problĂšme de langueâ se traduit dans une manque dâattention Ă la diversitĂ© a lâintĂ©rieur mĂȘme et entre des populations des migrants; et la façon par laquelle des variables migratoire, ethnique et sociodĂ©mographique influencent elles-mĂȘmes des consultations interprĂ©tĂ©es. Notre analyse des expĂ©riences des patients, des professionnels fournissant de soins de santĂ© et des interprĂštes offre des preuves du besoin de dĂ©passer le problĂšme de langue. Et en faisant cela, nous adressons des multiples inĂ©galitĂ©s, souvent cachĂ©es dans des contextes de soins de santĂ©, dans les milieux clinique et domicile. Nous proposons un programme de recherche basĂ© sur la pratique, qui favorise la communication culturelle dans des milieux clinique et domicile, et qui reconnait le statut dâimmigration comme un dĂ©terminant social de la santĂ©
Specifying computer-supported collaboration scripts
Collaboration scripts are activity programs which aim to foster collaborative learning by structuring interaction between learners. Computer-supported collaboration scripts generally suffer from the problem of being restrained to a specific learning platform and learning context. A standardization of collaboration scripts first requires a specification of collaboration scripts that integrates multiple perspectives from computer science, education and psychology. So far, only few and limited attempts at such specifications have been made. This paper aims to consolidate and expand these approaches in light of recent findings and to propose a generic framework for the specification of collaboration scripts. The framework enables a description of collaboration scripts using a small number of components (participants, activities, roles, resources and groups) and mechanisms (task distribution, group formation and sequencing)
Charm and Bottom Semileptonic Decays
We review the present status of theoretical attempts to calculate the
semileptonic charm and bottom decays and then present a calculation of these
decays in the light--front frame at the kinematic point . This allows us
to evaluate the form factors at the same value of , even though the
allowed kinematic ranges for charm and bottom decays are very different. Also,
at this kinematic point the decay is given in terms of only one form factor
. For the ratio of the decay rates given by the E653 collaboration we
show that the determination of the ratio of the Cabibbo--Kobayashi--Maskawa
(CKM) matrix elements is consistent with that obtained from the unitarity
constraint. At present, though, the unitarity method still has greater
accuracy. Since comparisons of the semileptonic decays into and either
electrons or muons will be available soon from the E791 Fermilab experiment, we
also look at the massive muon case. We show that for a range of the
symmetry breaking is small even though the contributions of the
various helicity amplitudes becomes more complicated. For decays, the decay
at involves an extra form factor
coming from the photon contribution and so is not amenable to the same kind of
analysis, leaving only the decay as a
possibility. As the mass of the decaying particle increases we note that the
symmetry becomes badly broken at .Comment: Latex, 19 pages, two figures are attached, a minor change in the
manuscript related to thi
Thermodynamic metrics and optimal paths
A fundamental problem in modern thermodynamics is how a molecular-scale
machine performs useful work, while operating away from thermal equilibrium
without excessive dissipation. To this end, we derive a friction tensor that
induces a Riemannian manifold on the space of thermodynamic states. Within the
linear-response regime, this metric structure controls the dissipation of
finite-time transformations, and bestows optimal protocols with many useful
properties. We discuss the connection to the existing thermodynamic length
formalism, and demonstrate the utility of this metric by solving for optimal
control parameter protocols in a simple nonequilibrium model.Comment: 5 page
A consistent treatment for pion form factors in space-like and time-like regions
We write down some relevant matrix elements for the scattering and decay
processes of the pion by considering a quark-meson vertex function. The pion
charge and transition form factors , , and
are extracted from these matrix elements using a relativistic
quark model on the light-front. We found that, the form factors and
in the space-like region agree well with experiment.
Furthermore, the branching ratios of all observed decay modes of the neutral
pion, that are related to the form factors and
in the time-like region, are all consistent with the data as
well. Additionally, in the time-like region, which deals with the
nonvalence contribution, is also discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Potential Models for Radiative Rare B Decays
We compute the branching ratios for the radiative rare decays of B into
K-Meson states and compare them to the experimentally determined branching
ratio for inclusive decay b -> s gamma using non relativistic quark model, and
form factor definitions consistent with HQET covariant trace formalism. Such
calculations necessarily involve a potential model. In order to test the
sensitivity of calculations to potential models we have used three different
potentials, namely linear potential, screening confining potential and heavy
quark potential as it stands in QCD.We find the branching ratios relative to
the inclusive b ->s gamma decay to be (16.07\pm 5.2)% for B -> K^* (892)gamma
and (7.25\pm 3.2)% for B -> K_2^* (1430)gamma for linear potential. In the case
of the screening confining potential these values are (19.75\pm 5.3)% and
(4.74\pm 1.2)% while those for the heavy quark potential are (11.18\pm 4.6)%
and (5.09\pm 2.7)% respectively. All these values are consistent with the
corresponding present CLEO experimental values: (16.25\pm 1.21)% and (5.93\pm
0.46)%.Comment: RevTeX, 6 pages, 1 eps figur
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